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The term that refers to the clarity and differentiation of elements on a map is visual contrast. Visual contrast plays a crucial role in cartography as it helps users easily distinguish between different features and layers on a map. By utilizing varying colors, shades, and textures, visual contrast enhances the overall readability of a map, making it easier for users to interpret the information being presented.

For example, using darker colors against lighter backgrounds or contrasting colors for different symbols can create a more effective visual hierarchy, allowing important features to stand out. This principle is essential for ensuring that users can quickly identify and understand the significance of various elements within the map context.

Other options, while relevant in specific contexts, do not directly address the clarity and differentiation of elements in the same comprehensive way. Hue relates specifically to the type of color and does not encompass the broader aspect of clarity. Pattern refers to the arrangement of symbols or elements, which can contribute to visual contrast but is not synonymous with it. Shape can describe the outline or geometry of a feature but doesn’t exclusively pertain to how well elements can be differentiated on a map.